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The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border is the boundary between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is also referred to as the Irish border or, on either side of it, simply as the border. The border runs for a total of 499 km〔Ordinance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1999〕〔MFPP Working Paper No. 2, "The Creation and Consolidation of the Irish Border" by KJ Rankin and published in association with Institute for British-Irish Studies, University College Dublin and Institute for Governance, Queen's University, Belfast (also printed as IBIS working paper no. 48)〕 from Lough Foyle in the north of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the northeast (on the Irish Sea). The Irish border is considered one of the most atypical of international boundaries.〔 Its historical origins, geographical context, and administrative regime deviate from orthodox characteristics and functions associated with the description and analysis of boundaries.〔 Border markings are comparatively inconspicuous, in common with many international borders in the European Union although, unlike many other EU borders, there are no signposts at crossing points notifying travellers that they are entering a different jurisdiction. While both states are outside the European Union's Schengen Area, they do share a Common Travel Area, resulting in an essentially open border. == Establishment == Originally intended as an internal boundary within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the border was created in 1921 under the United Kingdom Parliament's Government of Ireland Act 1920.〔The island of Ireland was partitioned into two distinct regions of the United Kingdom, by Order in Council on 3 May 1921 (Statutory Rules & Orders published by authority (SR&O) 1921, No. 533).〕 The act established Home Rule in Ireland, with separate parliaments for Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland. Six of the thirty-two counties of Ireland were assigned to Northern Ireland, and the rest of Ireland comprising 26 counties to Southern Ireland. The Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921 led to the creation of the Irish Free State, a Dominion established for the whole island of Ireland on 6 December 1922. The border became an international frontier after the Parliament of Northern Ireland exercised its right to opt out of the Free State on 7 December 1922. The partition of 1921 created only a provisional boundary; a Boundary Commission met in 1924–5 to fix a permanent border between the two jurisdictions "in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants, so far as may be compatible with economic and geographic conditions".〔 The manner in which the Boundary Commission clause was drafted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty was only explicit in its ambiguity.〔MFPP Working Paper No. 2, "The Creation and Consolidation of the Irish Border" by KJ Rankin and published in association with Institute for British-Irish Studies, University College Dublin and Institute for Governance, Queen's University, Belfast (also printed as IBIS working paper no. 48)〕 Amongst politicians in Southern Ireland, there was remarkably little attention paid to the clause during the debates on the Treaty. The Republican activist Sean MacEntee was a "lone voice" in warning that the commission would involve an exercise “in transferring from the jurisdiction of the Government of Northern Ireland certain people and certain districts which that Government cannot govern; and by giving instead to Northern Ireland, certain other districts—unionist districts of Monaghan, Cavan and Donegal, so that not only under this Treaty are we going to partition Ireland, not only are we going to partition Ulster, but we are going to partition even the counties of Ulster.”〔〔Official report: debate on the Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, 1922: 155, (22 December 1921).〕 However, the Boundary's ultimate conclusions which were not published were not favoured by either side and the interim boundary was confirmed formally in 1925, without changes from the 1920 demarcation lines.〔〔(Treaty (Confirmation of Amending Agreement) Act, 1925 ) Irish Statute Book〕 The Boundary Commission report was not published until 1969.〔''Report of the Irish Boundary Commission, 1925'' Introduced by Geoffrey J. Hand (Shannon: Irish University Press, 1969) ISBN 0-7165-0997-0〕 The Irish Free State was renamed ''Ireland'' ((アイルランド語:Éire)) by the 1937 constitution, and the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 formally declared that it was a republic with the official description ''Republic of Ireland'' while not changing its name, which remains ''Ireland''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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